When the Vietnam War ended in 1975 the country was on its knees, and economic policies copied from the Soviet Union did nothing to help. Collectivising agriculture proved to be a disaster, so in 1986 the Communist Party carried out a U-turn – placing a big bet, at the same time, on coffee. Coffee production then grew by 20%-30% every year in the 1990s. The industry now employs about 2.6 million people, with beans grown on half a million smallholdings of two to three acres each. This has helped transform the Vietnamese economy. In 1994 some 60% of Vietnamese lived under the poverty line, now less than 10% do. Coffee was introduced to Vietnam by the French in the 19th Century and a processing plant manufacturing instant coffee was functioning by 1950.As much as specialty coffee shops buy Arabica coffee beans, there are plenty who use a Robusta blend particularly for their espressos. Vietnam grows the hardier Robusta bean which produces a great ‘crema’ in an espresso cup. Arabica beans contain between 1% to 1.5% caffeine while Robusta has between 1.6% to 2.7% caffeine. There is a lot more to coffee, though, than caffeine as we all know. Complex flavour chemistry works to make up the flavours inherent in coffee; caffeine on the other hand is such a small percentage of total content, especially compared to other alkaloids, that it has a very minute effect on flavour.
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Did you know?
Coffee sacks are usually made of hemp and weigh approximately 132 pounds when they are full of green coffee beans. It takes over 600,000 beans to fill a coffee sack.